Visiting Fellows White Papers

New Research: Inside the Economic Data Shaping Monetary Policy

January 20, 2026 Version: 4

Economic data moves markets. But how well do we really understand the data guiding the Federal Reserve’s decisions?

In a new white paper by visiting fellow Marshall Lux and research assistant Michael Sapozhnikov, they examine the economic indicators that dominate headlines and influence monetary policy. This paper goes behind the scenes of federal statistical agencies to examine how economic data is collected, verified, and maintained.

What this paper covers:

  • The key economic measures behind the Fed’s dual mandate
  • Where the data comes from and how it’s calculated
  • Why these indicators matter for markets, policymakers, and businesses
  • How to better interpret releases that drive volatility in growth, inflation, and rate expectations

A clear understanding of these indicators and confidence in their accuracy is essential for anyone making informed economic or investment decisions. Read the full white paper to deepen your understanding of the data that drives monetary policy and market reactions.

read the white paper

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